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ZixuanZhang
ZixuanZhang
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Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem

Every bounded real sequence has a convergent subsequence.

Theorem 1.13 (Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem)
If is a real and bounded sequence, then there exists a convergent subsequence.

Proof

Given with , build nested intervals by bisection: , and each is a half of containing infinitely many terms of the sequence. Then , so by the nested interval property there is a unique point .

Choose indices inductively: pick with ; since contains infinitely many terms, pick with ; continuing gives a subsequence with for every . Hence , and since the interval lengths shrink to zero, as .

Complex sequences

The Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem also holds for complex sequences.

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